How to Use a PASS Fire Extinguisher: Step-by-Step Instructions

Fires are unpredictable and can be potentially devastating. In fact, local fire departments responded to an estimated 1.39 million fire cases in the United States. However, their impact can be minimized with the right knowledge and equipment. One pivotal tool in fire safety is the fire extinguisher. But having a fire extinguisher is only half the battle. You must know the correct method to handle it to maximize its effectiveness. The PASS fire extinguisher technique is an effective and simple way to achieve this. Let’s explore the step-by-step guide of how to use a fire extinguisher training, and act swiftly in emergencies!

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What are the Different Types of Fire?

Fires are classified into different categories based on the type of fuel involved. Being aware of these classifications will help you choose the appropriate method for extinguishing fires.

Class A Fires

Class A fires involve materials like wood, paper, and cloth. For example, a fire in an office caused by a paper-filled trash bin or wooden furniture would fall under this category. Water or foam extinguishers effectively cool and smother these fires.

Class B Fires

Class B fires involve flammable liquids such as oil, grease, or gasoline. For instance, a kitchen fire caused by spilled oil igniting on a stove is a Class B fire. Foam, chemical, or carbon dioxide extinguishers are used to cut off oxygen and extinguish these fires.

Class C Fires

Class C fires are caused by electrical equipment like faulty wiring or overloaded circuits. For example, a short circuit sparks a fire in an appliance. Water should not be used to avoid electrocution; instead, dry chemical or carbon dioxide extinguishers are safe options.

Class D Fires

Class D fires involve metals like magnesium, titanium, or sodium. For example, a laboratory mishap ignited magnesium shavings. These fires require dry powder extinguishers specifically designed to absorb heat and control burning metals.

Class K Fires

Class K fires involve cooking oils or fats, which are common in commercial kitchens. For example, deep fryer oil overheats and catches fire. Wet chemical extinguishers are used to cool the oil and create a barrier, preventing re-ignition.

Checks Before Using a Fire Extinguisher

In a fire emergency, smart actions are critical. These include situation assessment and fire extinguisher inspection. Performing rapid checks can prevent a minor fire incident from escalating into a major catastrophe. Below are the key components of a pre-use checklist.

Situation Assessment

Before using a fire extinguisher, evaluate the situation at hand. A misstep could worsen the scenario and compromise the safety of everyone on the scene. First of all, you need to assess the size of the fire. Fire extinguishers are designed to tackle small, contained fires in their early stages. If the fire has spread extensively or is spreading rapidly, the most effective action is to evacuate. Additionally, you will have to ensure that fire or smoke does not obstruct your escape route. If the fire intensifies, you need to choose a safer exit path.

Operating a fire extinguisher requires a certain level of physical strength and endurance. Be sure that you, or another individual present at the scene, can handle it effectively.

Fire Extinguisher Inspection

After assessing the situation, determine whether it is safe and appropriate to use the available fire extinguisher. You first need to verify whether the extinguisher is suitable for the type of fire you are dealing with. If you are unsure, refer to the label on the equipment. Inspect the fire extinguisher for any visible signs of damage, such as dents, rust, or broken handles. If any damage is present, avoid using the extinguisher.

If the extinguisher has a pressure gauge, the needle should be in the green zone. If it is in the red area, the tool may be over-pressurized, indicating the potential for a burst or under-pressurized, which could lead to ineffective discharge.

What is the PASS Fire Extinguisher Method?

The PASS strategy is a framework that uses fire extinguishers and prevents fire situations from escalating. What does PASS stand for when using a fire extinguisher? The full form is Pull, Aim, Squeeze and Sweep. These elements ensure that the extinguisher works safely and effectively. 

Before learning how to use fire extinguisher training, know about the PASS technique. This is largely common due to its simplicity and efficiency. Each step matters and has a distinct significance. Here is why: 

Pull the Pin

This is the first and the simplest step that opens the extinguisher’s handle. During a fire, skipping this step can lead to precious lost seconds. It can also create panic. 

Look at the Base of the Fire

Fires feed on fuel, not flames. So targeting the source helps you look beyond the smoke or the sparks. If you aim too high, the fire may keep burning, and may even spread.

Squeeze the Handle Evenly

Squeezing releases the extinguishing agent. Make sure you put enough pressure so that it reaches the fire. 

Sweep Side to Side

Steady motion ensures that fire is well covered. It helps cover flames and prevent re-ignition. It also gives you control so you do not waste the agent in one spot. 

Read More: The Different Levels Of HAZWOPER Training: Which One Is Right For You

Quick Pre-Use Safety Checklist

Before you take the extinguisher, call 911. Then use the PASS technique, wait and look for a checklist for assistance. 

1. Check if the fire is small and contained

Use only on small, manageable fires. This includes a stovetop or a trashbin. (like a trash bin, stovetop, or electrical spark).

2. Check the extinguisher type

Use the right extinguisher for the type of fire, such as Class A, B, of C. 

3. Inspect the pressure gauge

Verify that the needle is in the green zone. If it’s low or missing, the extinguisher may not work when you need it most.

 4. Ensure the safety pin is intact

Make sure that the pin is intact and the seal is not broken. If it’s missing or looks used, do not use it. 

5. Keep your back to an exit

Always position yourself in a way that you can escape easily. Do not block the exit. 

6. Check for visible damage or corrosion

Check if the extinguisher is damaged, dented or rusted. It can be dangerous if used when in a bad condition. 

What To Do After Using a Fire Extinguisher?

Once you have implemented the PASS fire extinguisher technique, you must take the right steps to ensure safety and prepare for future emergencies. This includes contacting emergency services, evacuating if needed, and maintaining the extinguisher properly. Below are a few things you should consider: 

Call Emergency Services

Promptly alert emergency services at the first sign of a fire, regardless of its size or severity. Professionals can evaluate the situation and confirm that the fire is fully extinguished. This quick action can minimize the risks to you and your surroundings. 

Evacuate Immediately

If the fire persists after using the fire extinguisher, evacuate immediately. Lingering smoke and fumes, even after flames fade, pose significant risks. Proceed to a predetermined safe location, ensuring everyone is accounted for.

Maintenance of Fire Extinguishers

Proper upkeep of your fire extinguisher after use guarantees functionality and extends its service life. Perform routine visual inspections and schedule professional evaluations to address potential issues before they affect performance.

Importance of Fire Extinguisher Training

Every workplace or residential facility is required to have fire extinguishers by local codes. However, it is equally mandatory to implement fire extinguisher training to ensure proper usage. Below are some reasons to enroll in fire safety training:

Reduce Property Damage

Fire can cause significant property damage at workplaces or homes, leading to financial loss and disruptions. Fire extinguisher training enables quick responses to minor fires, helping prevent them from spreading and reducing potential property loss.

Compliance with Regulations

Several workplaces have legislation in place, especially OSHA. It mandates that businesses organize fire safety training for their employees. A comprehensive program ensures that your company remains in compliance with these rules, avoiding penalties or legal consequences.

Promotion of Safety Culture

Fire extinguisher PASS training is more than just ticking off a safety checklist. It shows a commitment to safety and fosters a culture of proactive safety. This empowers you and your community to prevent and effectively respond to emergencies.

Confidence and Preparedness

Receiving fire extinguisher training boosts your confidence and equips you to manage fire emergencies effectively. Knowing how to use a fire extinguisher properly reduces panic and enables prompt, appropriate responses, leading to better crisis outcomes.

Stay Prepared For Fires With PASS Extinguisher Technique!

Fires can occur anytime and anywhere, posing significant risks to life and property. Fire departments respond to a fire every 23 seconds. Even when you are in a workplace or residential setting, understanding the types of fires and proper fire extinguishers can mitigate potentially catastrophic situations. Follow the steps of the PASS fire extinguisher method and respond confidently to fire incidents. Moreover, always prioritize regular maintenance and continuous training so that you and those around you are prepared to handle fire emergencies safely and efficiently!

FAQs

1. What does PASS stand for again? I always forget!
Totally understandable — it's easy to forget in a high-stress moment. PASS stands for:
Pull the pin, Aim the nozzle, Squeeze the handle, and Sweep side to side.
Think of it like unlocking, targeting, activating, and clearing the fire.

2. Can I use any extinguisher on any type of fire?
Not quite! Fire extinguishers are classified for different types of fires — like A (wood/paper), B (liquids), and C (electrical).
Always check the label before using it. Using the wrong type (like a water-based one on an electrical fire) can actually make things worse.

3. How close should I stand when using an extinguisher?
Start about 6 to 8 feet away from the fire. As the flames die down, you can move in a bit — but always keep your back toward the exit. Never let the fire get between you and your way out.

4. How long does a fire extinguisher actually last when I use it?
Surprisingly, not very long — most extinguishers discharge in about 10 to 20 seconds. That’s why it’s important to act fast, aim carefully, and sweep thoroughly during those crucial seconds.

5. What if the fire flares up again after I’ve used the extinguisher?
If it reignites or seems to grow, evacuate immediately and call 911. A fire extinguisher is meant for small fires only. Never try to be a hero if the situation gets out of hand.